高原鼠兔尿液的挥发性成分分析及引诱活性成分的筛选
Analysis of Volatile Components and Screening of Components with Attractive Activity in the Urines of Ochotona curzoniae
乔卫杰1, 万俊1, 顾贵蓉1, 江涛2, 尕措2, 金洪1, 侯太
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DOI：10.11984/j.issn.1000-7083.20220108
作者单位：1.四川大学生命科学学院，生物资源与生态环境教育部重点实验室，成都 610065
2.四川省色达县草原工作站，四川色达 626600
中文关键字：高原鼠兔;信息素;尿液;挥发性成分;旷场试验
英文关键字：pheromone;urine;volatile components;open field test;
中文摘要：化学通讯是动物重要的信息交流方式，而尿液成分是重要的信息素来源。本研究通过利用固相微萃取-气质联用技术对高原鼠兔Ochotona curzoniae尿液的挥发性成分进行鉴定分析，然后通过分析挥发性成分的相对丰度筛选出差异成分，最后利用旷场试验筛选了引诱活性成分，结果表明：（1）高原鼠兔尿液中挥发性成分主要有38种，为烷烃类、醇类、烯烃类、酮类、醛类、吡嗪类等，不同高原鼠兔个体的尿液中挥发性成分的组成不同；（2）壬醛、对甲酚、2-壬酮、苯乙醛、2-甲基丁醛、正己醇、4-庚酮、喹啉、2，5-二甲基吡嗪、2-庚酮等10种成分在两性间存在显著差异；（3）旷场试验结果显示，雌性在2，5-二甲基吡嗪的药品区活动时间为180 s±22.43 s，与在对照区的活动时间（117 s±9.46 s）差异极显著。2，5-二甲基吡嗪可能是高原鼠兔的信息素。本研究可以为进一步研究高原鼠兔信息素的通讯功能提供理论依据。
英文摘要：Chemical communication is an important way of animal communication， and urine component is an important source of pheromone. In this study， the volatile components in the urine of plateau pika （Ochotona curzoniae） were identified by using solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Subsequently， the different volatile components were screened by analyzing their relative abundances. Finally， the different volatile components with attractive activities were selected out by open field test. The results showed that： （1） there were 38 volatile components （such as alcohols， alkenes， ketones， aldehydes， pyrazines， etc.） in the urines of O. curzoniae， and the volatile components were different among the urine samples from different individuals； （2） nonanal， p-cresol， 2-nonanone， phenylacetaldehyde，2-methylbutanal， hexanol， heptanone， quinoline， 2，5-dimethylpyrazine， and 2-heptanone were the components significantly different between males and females； （3） the results of open field test showed that the walking times of females in the tested area with 2，5-dimethylpyrazine was 180 s±22.43 s， while that in the control area was only 117 s±9.46 s.Therefore， 2，5-dimethylpyrazine may be the pheromone of O. curzoniae. This study provides a theoretical basis for further studying the communication of the pheromone of O. curzoniae.